@article {ZSC:ZSC295, title = {Dismissal of Acoelomorpha: Acoela and Nemertodermatida are separate early bilaterian clades}, journal = {Zoologica Scripta}, volume = {36}, number = {5}, year = {2007}, pages = {509{\textendash}523}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {We used new 18S and 28S rRNA sequences analysed with parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic reconstruction to show that Nemertodermatida, generally classified as the sister group of Acoela within the recently proposed Phylum Acoelomorpha, are a separate basal bilaterian lineage. We used several analytical approaches to control for possible long branch attraction (LBA) artefacts in our results. Parsimony and the model based phylogenetic reconstruction methods that incorporate {\textquoteleft}corrections{\textquoteright} for substitution rate heterogenities yielded concordant results. When putative long branch taxa were experimentally removed the resulting topologies were consistent with our total evidence analysis. Deletion of fast-evolving nucleotide sites decreased resolution and clade support, but did not support a topology conflicting with the total evidence analysis. Establishment of Acoela and Nemertodermatida as two early lineages facilitates reconstruction of ancestral bilaterian features. The ancestor of extant Bilateria was a small, benthic direct developer without coelom or a planktonic larval stage. The previously proposed Phylum Acoelomorpha is dismissed as paraphyletic.}, issn = {1463-6409}, doi = {10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00295.x}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00295.x}, author = {Wallberg, Andreas and Curini-Galletti, Marco and Ahmadzadeh, Afsaneh and Jondelius, Ulf} } @article {CLA:CLA103, title = {Phylogeny of the Prolecithophora (Platyhelminthes) Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences}, journal = {Cladistics}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, year = {1999}, pages = {103{\textendash}112}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {Complete nuclear 18S rDNA sequences from 14 species of the Prolecithophora were obtained and used, in combination with literature data, to generate the first parsimony-based hypothesis of the phylogeny of the order Prolecithophora (Platyhelminthes). Bootstrap, parsimony jack-knife, and Bremer support values were computed and compared. The monophyly of the Prolecithophora sensu stricto and the family Plagiostomidae is strongly supported. The taxa Separata, Combinata, and Plagiostomum are shown to be nonmonophyletic. Cylindrostomidae and Ulianinidae are transferred to Pseudostomidae. The Urastomidae is not part of the Prolecithophora.}, keywords = {Boot-strap, Jack-knife, Neodermata, parsimony, SSU}, issn = {1096-0031}, doi = {10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00252.x}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00252.x}, author = {Noren, Michael and Jondelius, Ulf} } @article {ZSC:ZSC082, title = {The phylogenetic position of the Prolecithophora (Rhabditophora, {\textquoteleft}Platyhelminthes{\textquoteright})}, journal = {Zoologica Scripta}, volume = {31}, number = {4}, year = {2002}, pages = {403{\textendash}414}, publisher = {Blackwell Science Ltd}, abstract = {Complete 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences and partial 28S rDNA sequences from a selection of rhabditophoran taxa were obtained and used in combination with literature data to determine the phylogenetic position of the Prolecithophora and of two families sometimes included in the Prolecithophora, the Urastomidae and the Genostomatidae. The results are largely compatible with earlier molecular studies when supported clades are considered, and adjusting for the denser taxonomic sampling of this study. The position of the Proseriata is not compatible with the taxon Seriata, which is rejected. The Rhabdocoela excluding the Fecampiida and the Neodermata is monophyletic. The phylogenetic position of the Neodermata cannot be determined, but its placement is not compatible with the proposed taxa Revertospermata and Mediofusata Kornakova \& Joffe, 1999, which are rejected. The Urastomidae and the Genostomatidae in all analyses group with the Fecampiida, and it is our recommendation that these taxa be included in the Fecampiida. The amended Fecampiida always group separately from the Prolecithophora sensu stricto, the Rhabdocoela, and the Neodermata. Our analyses reveal the existence of a strongly supported clade consisting of Prolecithophora~+~Tricladida~+~the amended Fecampiida, and we propose the name Adiaphanida for this clade. Tentatively the sister group of the Prolecithophora is a clade consisting of the Tricladida~+~amended Fecampiida.}, issn = {1463-6409}, doi = {10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00082.x}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00082.x}, author = {Noren, Michael and Jondelius, Ulf} }